MEAN OF MANY TERMS

NAME            : ENDAH GUSTIANTI HAMZAH

NIM                : 1201747

CLASS           : MATHEMATIC A 2012

1.      QUADRILATERAL

A Quadrilateral just means "four sides" (quad means four, lateral means side). A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides (or edges) , four angles and four vertices or corners. The interior angles add up to 360 degrees A quadrilateral is a polygon. In fact it is a 4-sided polygon, just like a triangle is a 3-sided polygon, a pentagon is a 5-sided polygon, and so on. A quadrilateral can sometimes be called:

• a Quadrangle ("four angles"), so it sounds like "triangle"
• a Tetragon ("four and polygon"), so it sounds like "pentagon", "hexagon", etc.

Any four-sides shape is a Quadrilateral. But the sides have to be straight, and it has to be 2-dimensional.

2.      RECTANGLE

A rectangle is any quadrilateral with four right angles. Another name is equiangular quadrilateral, since equiangular means that all of its angles are equal (360°/4 = 90°). It can also be defined as a parallelogram containing a right angle.

A convex quadrilateral is a rectangle if and only if it is any one of the following:

·         a parallelogram with at least one right angle an equiangular parallelogram

·         a parallelogram with diagonals of equal length

·         a parallelogram ABCD where triangles ABD and DCA are congruent

·         a quadrilateral which has four right angles

·         an equiangular quadrilateral

The rectangle, like the square, is one of the most commonly known quadrilaterals. It is defined as having all four interior angles 90° (right angles). Opposite sides are parallel and congruent. The diagonals bisect each other. The diagonals are congruent.

3.      TRIANGLE

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or vertices and three sides or edges which are line segments. A triangle has three sides and three angles. The three angles always add to 180°

There are three special names given to triangles that tell how many sides (or angles) are equal.

Equilateral Triangle              Isosceles Triangle                 Scalene Triangle

3 equal sides                        2 equal sides                                    no equal sides

3 equal angles (60°)             2 equal angles                                  no equa angles

4.      SQUARE

A square (regular quadrilateral): all four sides are of equal length (equilateral), and all four angles are right angles. An equivalent condition is that opposite sides are parallel (a square is a parallelogram), that the diagonals perpendicularly bisect each other, and are of equal length. A quadrilateral is a square if and only if it is both a rhombus and a rectangle (four equal sides and four equal angles). A square is a parallelogram but with all sides equal in length and all angles fixed at 90°. A square is a special case of a rectangle where all four sides are the same length. A square is a rhombus but with angles all 90° .

Each diagonal of a square is the perpendicular bisector of the other. That is, each cuts the other into two equal parts, and they cross and right angles (90°). The length of each diagonal is s√2.

5.      KITE

A kite is two pairs of adjacent sides are of equal length. This implies that one diagonal divides the kite into congruent triangles, and so the angles between the two pairs of equal sides are equal in measure. It also implies that the diagonals are perpendicular. A kite is a member of the quadrilateral family. It has two pairs of equal sides. Each pair must be adjacent sides (sharing a common vertex) and each pair must be distinct. That is the pairs cannot have a side in common.

6.      RHOMBUS

A rhombus is all four sides are of equal length. Equivalent conditions are that opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles are equal, or that the diagonals perpendicularly bisect each other. An informal description is "a pushed over square" (including a square). A Rhombus is a flat shape with 4 equal straight sides. A rhombus is a parallelogram but with all sides equal in length. Rhombus is a rectangle with opposite sides parallel, four sides equal and opposite angles equal. Kite with four side of the same length is called a rhombus. In the special case where all 4 sides are the same length, the kite satisfies the definition of a rhombus.

·         The four sides of equal length and opposite sides parallel
    * The length of AB = BC = CD = AD                   * AB / / DC and AD / / BC

·         Both diagonal rhombus is the axis of symmetry

·         The corners of the face as large and divided into two equal by the diagonals

* BAD = BCD      * ABC = ADC     * BAT = DAT = BCT = DCT     * ADT = CDT = ABT = CBT

·         Both diagonal rhombus bisect each other the same length and intersect perpendicular
     *Diagonal AC BD                * Long AT = TC                  * Long DT = TB

7.      TRAPEZOID

A trapezoid is a 4-sided flat shape with straight sides that has a pair of opposite sides parallel.

      Trapezoid        Isosceles Trapezoid

Called an Isosceles trapezoid when the sides that aren't parallel are equal in length and both angles coming from a parallel side are equal.

The parallel sides are the "bases"

The other two sides are the "legs"

The distance (at right angles) from one base to the other is called the "altitude"

8.      PARALLELOGRAM

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. Opposite sides are parallel. Opposite sides are equal in length. Opposite angles are equal (angles "a" are the same, and angles "b" are the same). Angles "a" and "b" add up to 180°, so they are supplementary angles.